Hardiness Zone All Zone 1: (below -46 °C) Zone 2: (-46 to -40 °C) Zone 3: (-40 to -34 °C) Zone 4: (-34 to -29 °C) Zone 5: (-29 to -23 °C) Zone 6: (-23 to -18 °C) Zone 7: (-18 to -12 °C) Zone 8a: (-12 to -9.5 °C) Zone 8b: (-9.4 to -7 °C) Zone 9: (-7 to -1 °C) Zone 10: (-1 to 4 °C) Zone 11: (above 4 °C) Mature Height All < 0.1m 0.1 - 0.2m 0.2 - 0.4m 0.4 - 0.7m 0.7 - 1.3m 1.3 - 2.0m 2 - 3m 3 - 5m 5 - 7m 7 - 10m 10 - 15m 15 - 22m 22 - 30m > 30m Mature Spread All < 0.1m 0.1 - 0.3m 0.3 - 0.6m 0.6 - 1.0m 1.0 - 1.5m 1.5 - 2.0m 2 - 3m 3 - 4m 4 - 5m 5 - 7m 7 - 10m 10 - 15m 15 - 25m > 25m Exposure All Full sun Full sun only if soil kept moist Part sun/part shade Filtered shade Deep shade Sheltered Origin All Africa Australia / New Zealand B.C. east of Cascades B.C. west of Cascades Canada - central Canada - eastern Canada - northern Caribbean Island Central / west Asia Central America Europe Garden origin Mexico North America S.E. Asia / Japan / China South America South Asia / India U.S. - central U.S. - northeast U.S. - northwest U.S. - southeast U.S. - southwest Soil Type All Acidic Alkaline Bog Humus rich Rocky or gravelly or dry Well-drained Pest Susceptibility All (Drought tolerant) (Pest resistant) (Disease resistant) (Deer resistant) (Rabbit resistant) Abiotic disorder Anthracnose Aphids or adelgids Bacterial leaf spot Beetles or weevils Blight or needle cast Canker or sap rot Caterpillar or cutworm Crown rot Dieback Diptera - true flies Earwigs Fungal leaf spot Galls Heart rot Heteroptera - true bugs Leaf miner insect Leaf scorch Leafhopper or spittlebug Mealybugs Mildew Mistletoe Mites Mold Nematodes Rodents Root rot Rust Sawflies or horntails or ants Scale insects Slugs or snails Stem borer insects Thrips Virus Whitefly or psyllids Wilt Wood deformity KPU Plant Course All AARB 1012 CLT Training HORT 1155 HORT 1193/1293 HORT 2355 Level 1 Apprenticeship Level 2 Apprenticeship Level 3 Apprenticeship Level 4 Apprenticeship not used (off campus) not used (on campus) KPU Langley Area All AGB BCE BCW BED BGR BHE BHW BKW BUG CGW ENA FEA FSC GAZ GAZE GAZN GAZS GAZW GNH GRB GRBE GRBW HPZ JPL LTW MCC MCF NCA NRY ONE ONW OSS PDE PDW PHA PPL QRR SGL SQC TFL TFLE TFLN TFLS TFLW TKC WDH WDY WLG

Leaf(let) Shape All Acicular Deltoid Elliptic Falcate Filiform Lanceolate Linear Oblanceolate Oblong Obovate Orbicular Ovate Reniform Rhomboidal Spatulate Other Leaf Apex All Acuminate Acute Apiculate Aristate Caudate Cuspidate Emarginate or retuse Mucronate Obcordate Obtuse Praemorse Pungent Retuse Rounded Subulate (awl-shaped) Truncate Leaf Base All Acute Attenuate Auriculate Connate-perfoliate Cordate Cuneate Decurrent Hastate Oblique (uneven) Obtuse Peltate Perfoliate Rounded Sagittate Sheathing Truncate Leaf Margin All Ciliate Cleft (parted) Crenate Dentate Double serrate Entire Incised Lacerate Palmately lobed Pinnately lobed Pectinate Serrate Serrulate Sinuate Spinose Undulate (wavy) Leaf Bud Type All Accessory (collateral) Conical (long-pointed) Narrowly conical Oblong One-scaled Ovoid Rounded or globular Scales 4-ranked Stalked Striate scales Superposed Valvate Leaf Scar Shape All Crescent shaped Half-round Round Oval Half-oval Kidney shaped Heart shaped Three-lobed Triangular V-shaped U-shaped Other Inflorescence Type All Catkin (ament) Corymb Cyathium Cyme Flowers solitary Flowers paired Flowers clustered Head (capitulum) Panicle Raceme Small heads arranged in a cyme Small heads arranged in a corymb Spadix (& spathe) Spike Spikelet Thyrse Umbel Verticillaster n/a (male cone) Floriferous Corymb-like Panicle-like Head-like Spike-like Fruit Type All Aggregate fruit Achene Berry (true) Capsule Cypsela (achene + calyx) Drupe Edible Follicle Grain (caryopsis) Hesperidium Legume Multiple fruit Nut Pepo Pome Samara Schizocarp Silicle Silique Aborted (hybrids) or absent Cone (winged seeds) Sporangium (spores) Organ Modifications All Aerial or climbing roots Bulbs Corky twig outgrowths Corms Ectomycorrhizae Fibrous-like roots Fleshy monocot roots Leaf-like bracts Prickles Rhizomes Ribbed stems Root nodules (N-fixing) Runners (or stolons) Spines Stipule, leafy Stipule, pointy spines Storage tap root Succulent leaves Succulent stems Tendrils Thorns Tuberous roots Tubers Twining stems